Optimizing Surgical Selection for Transposition With Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Studies that have assessed the Rastelli and Nikaidoh operations for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with obstructed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) have not fully evaluated the anatomic drivers that may contribute to surgical selection. We present our procedural selection process for optimizing outcomes of complex TGA in the modern era. METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included pediatric patients who underwent either a Nikaidoh or Rastelli operation for the treatment of TGA-LVOTO, congenitally corrected TGA-LVOTO, or double-outlet right ventricle TGA type-LVOTO from June 2004 to June 2021. RESULTS: There were 34 patients stratified by Nikaidoh (n = 16) or Rastelli (n = 18) operation. The incidence of all postoperative complications and mortality was low, and the incidence of complications between the groups was similar. Patients were more likely to have undergone a Nikaidoh than a Rastelli if they had a pulmonary annulus >5 mm (87.5% vs 11.1%), anteriorly/posteriorly oriented great vessels (88% vs 8%), remote (80% vs 11%) or restrictive (75% vs 6%) ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypoplasia (50% vs 0%; all, P < .05). The resulting rates of reoperation were similar between the groups (44.0% vs 37.5%; P = .24) and largely composed of conduit replacements in the Rastelli patients and valvular repairs or replacements in the Nikaidoh group. Rates of catheter-based interventions were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that for the optimal treatment of conotruncal anomalies with discordant ventriculoarterial connections, procedural selection should be based on pathoanatomic criteria that can ensure patients undergo the operation most suited to their anatomy.

Using DaSilva Cone Operation to Establish 1.5 or 2 Ventricle Circulation After Initial Single Ventricle Palliation with Starnes Procedure.

Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a congenital dysplasia of the tricuspid valve resulting in reduced right ventricular (RV) volume and tricuspid regurgitation. Severe EA in the neonatal period is associated with high mortality. The Starnes procedure (fenestrated RV exclusion) is reserved for EA patients with cardiogenic shock and has previously committed patients to single ventricle (SV) palliation. In this report, we present the results of a strategy to redirect patients utilizing the Da Silva Cone operation to achieve a 2 or 1.5 ventricle circulation. Single-center retrospective study including all consecutive cases of Da Silva Cone operation after Starnes procedure. Between 2019 and 2023, six conversions from Starnes procedure to Cone reconstruction were performed. All were critically ill before their Starnes procedure; four on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Two patients were successfully rerouted to a two-ventricle repair; the remainder to 1.5 ventricle circulation. RV pressure estimates showed no correlation with success. Post-Cone intensive care and hospital stays were brief, median 5 and 6 days, respectively. All are between 2.5 and 6 years old, without indications for SV palliation. There were no deaths, with follow up ranging 1 month-4 years. No repeat interventions were performed on the tricuspid valves. One subject had a surgical pulmonary valve replacement. Tricuspid regurgitation was mild in all. The Da Silva Cone operation offers successful redirection of EA patients from a SV pathway to a 1.5 or 2 ventricle pathway after Starnes procedure. The approach is feasible and durable in midterm follow-up. The decision to initially proceed with Starnes need not be an irrevocable decision to continue down a SV palliation pathway.

Resultados Precoces do Procedimento de Norwood em um Centro de Referência no Brasil / Early Outcomes of the Norwood Procedure in a Reference Center in Brazil

Resumo Fundamento Apenas dois artigos abordam os resultados precoces de pacientes com síndrome do coração esquerdo hipoplásico (SHCE) submetidos à operação de Norwood, no Brasil. Objetivos Avaliamos pacientes com SHCE submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood para identificar os fatores preditivos de mortalidade precoce (nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia) e intermediária (desde a sobrevida precoce até o procedimento de Glenn). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes com SHCE submetidos em nosso serviço ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood de janeiro de 2016 a abril de 2019. Dados demográficos, anatômicos e cirúrgicos foram analisados. Os desfechos foram mortalidade precoce (nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia), mortalidade intermediária (desde a sobrevida precoce até o procedimento de Glenn) e a necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e multivariadas e calculados odds ratios, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Um total de 80 pacientes com SHCE foram submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood. A taxa de sobrevida em 30 dias foi de 91,3% e a taxa de sobrevida intermediária foi de 81,3%. Quatorze pacientes (17,5%) necessitaram de suporte com ECMO. Menor peso (p=0,033), estenose aórtica (vs atresia aórtica; p=0,036) e necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO (p=0,009) foram fatores preditivos independentes para mortalidade em 30 dias. A estenose da valva mitral ( vs atresia da valva mitral; p=0,041) foi um fator preditivo independente para mortalidade intermediária. Conclusão O presente estudo inclui a maior coorte brasileira de pacientes com SHCE submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood na era recente. Nossas taxas de sobrevida foram comparáveis às mais altas taxas de sobrevida relatadas globalmente. Baixo peso corporal, estenose valvar aórtica e necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO foram preditores independentes para mortalidade em 30 dias. A estenose da valva mitral foi o único fator preditivo independente para mortalidade intermediária.

Abstract Background Only two papers have addressed the early outcomes of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) undergoing the Norwood operation, in Brazil. Objectives We evaluated patients with HLHS undergoing the first-stage Norwood operation in order to identify the predictive factors for early (within the first 30 days after surgery) and intermediate (from early survival up to the Glenn procedure) mortality. Methods Patients with HLHS undergoing the stage I Norwood procedure from January 2016 through April 2019, in our service, were enrolled. Demographic, anatomical, and surgical data were analyzed. Endpoints were early mortality (within the first 30 days after surgery), intermediate mortality (from early survival up to the Glenn procedure) and the need for postoperative ECMO support. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 80 patients with HLHS underwent the stage I Norwood procedure. The 30-day survival rate was 91.3% and the intermediate survival rate 81.3%. Fourteen patients (17.5%) required ECMO support. Lower weight (p=0.033), aortic stenosis (vs aortic atresia; p=0.036), and the need for postoperative ECMO support (p=0.009) were independent predictive factors for 30-day mortality. Mitral valve stenosis (vs mitral valve atresia; p=0.041) was an independent predictive factor for intermediate mortality. Conclusion The present study includes the largest Brazilian cohort of patients with HLHS undergoing the stage I Norwood procedure in the recent era. Our survival rates were comparable to the highest survival rates reported globally. Low body weight, aortic valve stenosis, and the need for postoperative ECMO support were independent predictors for 30-day mortality. Mitral valve stenosis was the only independent predictive factor for intermediate mortality.

Early Outcomes of the Norwood Procedure in a Reference Center in Brazil. / Resultados Precoces do Procedimento de Norwood em um Centro de Referência no Brasil.

BACKGROUND: Only two papers have addressed the early outcomes of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) undergoing the Norwood operation, in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated patients with HLHS undergoing the first-stage Norwood operation in order to identify the predictive factors for early (within the first 30 days after surgery) and intermediate (from early survival up to the Glenn procedure) mortality. METHODS: Patients with HLHS undergoing the stage I Norwood procedure from January 2016 through April 2019, in our service, were enrolled. Demographic, anatomical, and surgical data were analyzed. Endpoints were early mortality (within the first 30 days after surgery), intermediate mortality (from early survival up to the Glenn procedure) and the need for postoperative ECMO support. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients with HLHS underwent the stage I Norwood procedure. The 30-day survival rate was 91.3% and the intermediate survival rate 81.3%. Fourteen patients (17.5%) required ECMO support. Lower weight (p=0.033), aortic stenosis (vs aortic atresia; p=0.036), and the need for postoperative ECMO support (p=0.009) were independent predictive factors for 30-day mortality. Mitral valve stenosis (vs mitral valve atresia; p=0.041) was an independent predictive factor for intermediate mortality. CONCLUSION: The present study includes the largest Brazilian cohort of patients with HLHS undergoing the stage I Norwood procedure in the recent era. Our survival rates were comparable to the highest survival rates reported globally. Low body weight, aortic valve stenosis, and the need for postoperative ECMO support were independent predictors for 30-day mortality. Mitral valve stenosis was the only independent predictive factor for intermediate mortality.

FUNDAMENTO: Apenas dois artigos abordam os resultados precoces de pacientes com síndrome do coração esquerdo hipoplásico (SHCE) submetidos à operação de Norwood, no Brasil. OBJETIVOS: Avaliamos pacientes com SHCE submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood para identificar os fatores preditivos de mortalidade precoce (nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia) e intermediária (desde a sobrevida precoce até o procedimento de Glenn). MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes com SHCE submetidos em nosso serviço ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood de janeiro de 2016 a abril de 2019. Dados demográficos, anatômicos e cirúrgicos foram analisados. Os desfechos foram mortalidade precoce (nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia), mortalidade intermediária (desde a sobrevida precoce até o procedimento de Glenn) e a necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e multivariadas e calculados odds ratios, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Um total de 80 pacientes com SHCE foram submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood. A taxa de sobrevida em 30 dias foi de 91,3% e a taxa de sobrevida intermediária foi de 81,3%. Quatorze pacientes (17,5%) necessitaram de suporte com ECMO. Menor peso (p=0,033), estenose aórtica (vs atresia aórtica; p=0,036) e necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO (p=0,009) foram fatores preditivos independentes para mortalidade em 30 dias. A estenose da valva mitral ( vs atresia da valva mitral; p=0,041) foi um fator preditivo independente para mortalidade intermediária. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo inclui a maior coorte brasileira de pacientes com SHCE submetidos ao primeiro estágio da operação de Norwood na era recente. Nossas taxas de sobrevida foram comparáveis às mais altas taxas de sobrevida relatadas globalmente. Baixo peso corporal, estenose valvar aórtica e necessidade de suporte pós-operatório com ECMO foram preditores independentes para mortalidade em 30 dias. A estenose da valva mitral foi o único fator preditivo independente para mortalidade intermediária.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Norwood Surgery in Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study From Brazil.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used to support patients after the repair of congenital heart disease. Objective: We report our experience with patients with a single functional ventricle who were supported by ECMO after the Norwood procedure, reviewing the outcomes and identifying risk factors for mortality in these patients. Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 33 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who received ECMO support after the Norwood procedure between January 2015 and December 2019. The independent variables evaluated in this study were demographic, anatomical, and those directly related to ECMO support (ECMO indication, local of initiation, time under support, and urinary output while on ECMO). The dependent variable was survival. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The ECMO support was applied in 33 patients in a group of 120 patients submitted to Norwood procedure (28%). Aortic atresia was present in 72.7% of patients and mitral atresia in 51.5%. For 15% of patients, ECMO was initiated in the operating room; for all other patients, ECMO was initiated in the intensive care unit. The indications for ECMO in the cardiac intensive care unit were cardiac arrest in 22 (79%) of patients, low cardiac output state in 10 (18%), and arrhythmia in 1 patient (3%). The median time under support was 5 (2-25) days. The median follow-up time was 59 (4-150) days. Global survival to Norwood procedure was 90.9% during the 30-day follow-up, being 33.3% for those submitted to ECMO. Longer ECMO support (p = 0.004) was associated with a higher risk of death in the group submitted to ECMO. Conclusions: The mortality of patients with HLHS who received ECMO support after stage 1 palliation was high. Patients with low urine output were related to worse survival rates, and longer periods under ECMO support (more than 9 days of ECMO) were associated with 100% mortality. Earlier ECMO initiation before multiorgan damage may improve results.

A High-Fidelity Percutaneous Model Used to Demonstrate ECMO Cannulation.

Medical simulation provides a realistic environment for practitioners to experience a planned clinical event in a controlled educational setting. We established a simulation model composed of synthetic ballistic gelatin that provided an inexpensive high-fidelity model for our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team members to develop, master, and maintain clinical skills necessary for percutaneous cervical or femoral cannulation. The simulation component includes a cervical torso or femoral percutaneous synthetic gelatin model that is attached to either a static fluid model or to the high-fidelity perfusion simulator. Either model can be accessed with ultrasound guidance, cannulated with appropriately sized cannula, and connected to an in situ ECMO circuit. This article explains how the model is made and connected to the simulator with the purpose of re-creating this high-fidelity experience at any institution.

Right Ventricular Systolic Function After the Cone Procedure for Ebstein's Anomaly: Comparison Between Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance.

Although the Cone procedure has improved outcomes for patients with Ebstein´s anomaly (EA), neither RV systolic function recovery in long-term follow-up nor the best echocardiographic parameters to assess RV function are well established. Thus, we evaluated RV performance after the Cone procedure comparing two-dimensional (2DEcho) and three-dimensional (3DEcho) echocardiography to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We assessed 27 EA patients after the Cone procedure (53% female, median age of 20 years at the procedure, median post-operative follow-up duration of 8 years). Echocardiography was performed 4 h apart from the CMR. RV global longitudinal strain (GLS), fractional area change (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial performance index and tissue Doppler S' velocity were assessed using 2DEcho, whereas 3DEcho was used to evaluate RV volumes and ejection fraction (RVEF). Echocardiographic variables were compared to CMR-RVEF. All patients were in the NYHA functional class I. Median TAPSE was 15.9 mm, FAC 30.2%, and RV-GLS -15%; median RVEF by 3DEcho was 31.9% and 43% by CMR. Among 2DEcho parameters, RV-GLS and FAC had a substantial correlation with CMR-RVEF (r = - 0.63 and r = 0.55, respectively); from 3DEcho, the indexed RV volumes and RVEF were closely correlated with CMR (RV-EDVi, r = 0.60, RV-ESVi, r = 0.72; and RVEF r = 0.60). RV systolic function is impaired years after the Cone procedure, despite a good clinical status. FAC and RV-GLS are useful 2DEcho tools to assess RV function in these patients; however, 3DEcho measurements appear to provide a better RV assessment.

Distribuição espacial da coinfecção leishmaniose visceral-HIV em Teresina/PI, 2006 a 2015 / Spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis-HIV coinfection in Teresina/PI, 2006 to 2015

A cada ano ocorrem aproximadamente 50 a 90 mil novos casos de leishmaniose visceral (LV). Mais de 90% dos casos de LV ocorrem em sete países no mundo: Brasil, Etiópia, Índia, Quênia, Somália, Sudão do Sul e Sudão. Na América Latina, 96% ocorrem no Brasil. A coinfecção LV-HIV tem sido considerada como doença emergente em várias regiões do mundo em função da superposição geográfica das duas infecções como consequência da urbanização das leishmanioses e da interiorização da infecção por HIV. A coinfecção LV-HIV geralmente resulta em respostas desfavoráveis ao tratamento, frequentes recidivas e óbitos prematuros. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar o perfil clínicoepidemiológico e a distribuição espacial e temporal da coinfecção da LV-HIV em Teresina/PI, de 2006 a 2015. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, com dimensão temporal, desenvolvido a partir de dados espaciais georreferenciados para o endereço do domicílio de residência referentes aos casos de LV e LV-HIV notificados e confirmados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Do total de casos de LV notificados no período do estudo (737), 19,4% eram de coinfecção LV-HIV. A proporção de casos da coinfecção LV-HIV em relação aos casos de LV foi de 8,6%, em 2006 e 47,7% em 2015, o coeficiente de incidência foi de 0,87 casos por 100.000 habitantes e 2,49 casos por 100.00 habitantes, para os mesmos períodos. Destaca-se a diferença entre o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial entre os dois grupos sendo fraqueza, emagrecimento, quadro infeccioso e fenômenos hemorrágicos as manifestações clínicas mais frequentes nos casos com LV-HIV. A letalidade e a recidiva foram, aproximadamente, duas vezes maiores nesse grupo, 11,4% e 13,3%, respectivamente. Foi evidenciada maior agregação espacial dos casos LV-HIV em relação àquela observada para os casos de LV. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo contribuem para o conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico clínicoepidemiológico e o processo de ocorrência da coinfecção LV-HIV, potencializando ações de prevenção e planejamento em saúde

Each year occur approximately 50 to 90 thousand new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). More than 90% of the cases of VL occur in seven countries of the world: Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan. In Latin America, 96% occur in Brazil. The VL-HIV coinfection has been considered as emerging disease in several regions of the world depending on the geographical overlap of both infections as a result of leishmaniasis urbanization and HIV infection interiorization. The VL-HIV coinfection usually results in unfavorable treatment responses, frequent relapses and premature deaths. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiologic profiles and the spatial and temporal distribution of VL-HIV coinfection in Teresina/PI, from 2006 to 2015. It is a cross-sectional study, with temporal dimension, developed from geo-referenced data for the address of residence domicile concerning notified and confirmed VL and VL-HIV cases in the Brazilian Disease Information System. From the total number of cases of LV notified within the period of the study (737), 19.4% were of VL-HIV coinfection. The proportion of VL-HIV cases coinfection in relation to LV cases was 8.6% in 2006 and 47.7% in 2015, the coefficient of incidence was 0.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and 2.49 cases per 100.00 inhabitants, in the same periods. Highlights the clinical and laboratory diagnosis difference between the two groups with weakness, weight loss, infection and hemorrhagic phenomena the most frequent clinical manifestations in patients with LV-HIV. The mortality and recurrence were approximately two times higher in this group, 11.4% and 13.3%, respectively. It was evidenced greater VL-HIV spatial aggregation cases in relation to that observed for LV cases. The results presented in this research contributes to the knowledge about the clinical and epidemiological diagnosis and the process of VL-HIV coinfection occurrence, potentiating prevention and health planning actions

Rastreamento mamográfico e a detecção do câncer de mama / Mammographic screening and detection of breast cancer

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o rastreamento mamográfico e a detecção do câncer de mama em mulheres brasileiras de 40 a 69 anos, entre 2009 e 2012. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, realizado a partir de coleta de dados em 2014 no banco de dados do Departamento Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Calcularam-se as taxas de incidência de lesão neoplásica maligna de mama segundo regiões brasileiras e escolaridade; distribuição dos exames de mamografia realizados no Brasil; proporção de mulheres que realizaram mamografia segundo faixa etária e anos investigados. Resultados: as taxas de incidência de lesão neoplásica maligna detectada por palpação e imagem aumentaram nos anos de2009 e 2011, porém, entre 2011 e 2012, observou-se queda na detecção por palpação. Conclusão: a proporção de mulheres que realizaram mamografia aumentou por faixa etária investigada, contudo os valores encontrados ainda estão aquém do preconizado.

A brinquedoteca na assistência a crianças com câncer: a visão dos familiares / The toys for assisting children with cancer: the vision of the familiars

Objetivo: Verificar a visão dos familiares sobre o uso da brinquedoteca como recurso terapêutico na assistência à criança com câncer. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que utilizou uma amostra de conveniência. Foi aplicado um formulário específico, contendo questões direcionadas a conhecer o perfil sóciodemográfico dos acompanhantes (27 familiares que acompanhavam as crianças com câncer), dados pessoais da criança e sua relação com a brinquedoteca, além de questões direcionadas aos acompanhantes após observação da criança na brinquedoteca, as quais foram elaboradas considerando três escores de respostas. Resultados: Os familiares responderam que a brinquedoteca propicia uma melhor qualidade de vida para as crianças, na medida em que diminui o estresse e contribui para a melhoria do seu bem estar. Além disso, facilita a compreensão da condição que vivem, minimizando as dificuldades de aceitação do tratamento e melhorando o relacionamento com outras crianças e com os profissionais. Conclusão: Os resultados nos permite concluir que a brinquedoteca possibilita a continuidade do desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança, favorecendo as suas potencialidades, ajudando-as a compreender sua condição, melhorando a adesão ao tratamento, sua sociabilidade, minimizando o sofrimento e humanizando o processo de cura e recuperação (AU).

Objective: To verify the family members' view on the use of the toy library as a therapeutic resource in the care of children with cancer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample. A specific form was applied, containing questions considering three response scores and aimed at knowing the socio-demographic profile of the companions (27 family members who accompanied the children with cancer), the child's personal data and their relationship with the toy library, besides issues addressed to the companions After watching the child in the toy library. Results: 59.3% of family members answered that the toy library has a very relevant socializing role, helping in the relationship with other children and professionals. 55.6% of family members also stated that there was a change in the perception of the child in the face of his illness and for the majority of respondents (85.2%), the toy library helped to improve the child's well-being and reduce stress. Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that the toy library allows the continuity of the child's cognitive development, favoring their potentialities, helping them understand their condition, improving adherence to treatment, sociability, minimizing suffering and humanizing the healing process and recovery (AU).

Mammogram: detection of malign tumors in women from Santa Catarina and Brazil / Cribado mamográfico: detección de lesiones neoplásicas malignas en mujeres de Santa Catarina y Brasil / Rastreamento mamográfico: detecção de lesões neoplásicas malignas em mulheres de Santa Catarina e do Brasil

ABSTRACT The purpose is to analyze the incidence rate of malignant neoplastic lesion by detection type and the proportional distribution of mammograms in women between 40 and 69 years of age from the State of Santa Catarina and from Brazil. This is a descriptive observational study of data from the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System between 2009 and 2012 and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The greatest mammography coverage was in the group from 45 to 49 years, 22.2% in Brazilians and 23.1% in women from Santa Catarina. The greatest proportional distribution was 89.2% in Brazilian women between 40 and 44 years and women from Santa Catarina between 50 and 54 years. The incidence rates of malignant neoplastic breast lesion diagnosed by imaging increased in Brazil and Santa Catarina. In Brazil, in 2012, the highest detection was by palpation and, in Santa Catarina, by imaging. In conclusion, the screening is below the recommended, the higher proportional distributions of mammograms permitted a larger number of diagnoses of malignant neoplastic lesions and the application of mammograms as from the age of 40 years contributed to the diagnosis of breast cancer between the ages of 40 and 49 years.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue analizar las tasas de incidencia de lesión neoplásica maligna según tipo de detección y distribución proporcional de mamografías en mujeres de 40 a 69 años del Estado de Santa Catarina y de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo fundamentado en datos del Departamento de Tecnología de la Información del Sistema Único de Salud entre 2009 y 2012 y del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. En Brasil y en Santa Catarina, la mayor cobertura de la mamografía en mujeres de 45 a 49 años fue de 22,2% y 23,1% respectivamente. La mayor distribución proporcional fue de 89,2% en las brasileñas de 40 a 44 años y de 50 a 54 años en Santa Catarina. Las tasas de incidencia de lesión neoplásica maligna de mama diagnosticada por imagen se elevaron en el Brasil y Santa Catarina. En 2012, en Brasil la mayor detección ocurrió por medio de la palpación y en Santa Catarina a través de imagen en 2012. Se concluye que el cribado mamográfico está por debajo del nivel recomendado. Mayores distribuciones proporcionales de mamografías permitieron mayor número de diagnósticos de lesiones neoplásicas malignas y finalmente, la realización de la mamografía a partir de los 40 años contribuyó para el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama entre la fase etaria de 40 a 49 años.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar as taxas de incidência de lesão neoplásica maligna, por forma de detecção e distribuição proporcional das mamografias em mulheres de 40 a 69 anos do Estado de Santa Catarina e do Brasil. Realizou-se estudo observacional descritivo em dados obtidos no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde entre 2009 e 2012 e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. No Brasil e em Santa Catarina a maior cobertura de mamografias de mulheres dos 45 aos 49 anos equivaleram a 22,2% e 23,1%. A maior distribuição proporcional foi de 89,2% nas brasileiras de 40 a 44 anos e nas de 50 a 54 anos em Santa Catarina. As taxas de incidência de lesão neoplásica maligna de mama diagnosticada por imagem elevaram-se no Brasil e em Santa Catarina. Em 2012, no Brasil a maior detecção ocorreu por meio da palpação, enquanto em Santa Catarina ocorreu por imagem. Concluiu-se que o rastreamento está abaixo do recomendado, que as maiores distribuições proporcionais de mamografias permitiram maior número de diagnósticos de lesões neoplásicas malignas e que a realização da mamografia a partir dos 40 anos contribuiu para o diagnóstico do câncer de mama entre a faixa dos 40 e 49 anos.

Satisfação do paciente oncológico diante da assistência de enfermagem / Satisfacción del paciente oncológico delante de la atención de enfermería / Cancer patients' satisfaction on nursing care

Objetivo analisar a satisfação do paciente oncológico diante da assistência de enfermagem. Métodos pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, com 190 pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial no Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, através de questionário. Resultados 185 entrevistados (97,4%; IC 95,0% 94,7-99,9) disseram sempre estar satisfeitos com a assistência prestada, no entanto, menos de um terço avaliaram que carisma (34,2%; IC 95,0 % 27,4-39,5), respeito as suas decisões (31,6%; IC 95,0% 24,7-37,4) e comunicação clara (26,3%; IC 20,0-31,1) são fatores decisivos para sua satisfação. Conclusão o estudo revelou um excelente nível de satisfação dos pacientes diante da assistência de enfermagem, embora alguns fatores considerados pelos usuários como determinantes para a identificação deste sentimento não tenham sido apontados de forma expressiva, justificando a necessidade de uma reflexão crítica, na ótica do profissional, que favoreça a implantação de mudanças e, consequentemente, melhor atendam às expectativas e necessidades do paciente.

Objetivo analizar la satisfacción del paciente oncológico en la atención de enfermería. Métodos estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, con 190 pacientes que reciben quimioterapia ambulatoria en el Centro de Alta Complejidad en Oncología, a través de cuestionario. Resultados 185 encuestados (97,4%; 95,0% IC 94,7-99,9) dijeron siempre quedarse satisfechos con la atención recibida, sin embargo, menos de un tercio evaluaron que carisma (34,2%; 95 0% 27,4-39,5), respetar sus decisiones (31,6%; IC del 95,0% 24,7-37,4) y comunicación clara (26.3%, IC 20,0-31, 1) son factores decisivos para satisfacción. Conclusión el estudio reveló excelente nivel de satisfacción de pacientes en la atención de enfermería, aunque algunos factores considerados por usuarios como decisivas para identificación de este sentimiento, no ha sido identificado de manera significativa, lo que justifica la necesidad de reflexión crítica, en la opinión del profesional, que favorezca la implementación de cambios y, consecuentemente, mejor atención a las expectativas y necesidades del paciente.

Objective to analyze the satisfaction of cancer patients on nursing care. Methods descriptive quantitative research with 190 patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy in the High Complexity Centre in Oncology, through a questionnaire. Results 185 respondents (97.4%; 95.0% CI 94.7 to 99.9) said they were always satisfied with the care provided, however, less than a third assessed that charisma (34.2%; 95.0% CI 27.4 to 39.5), respect for their decisions (31.6%; 95.0% CI 24.7 to 37.4) and clear communication (26.3%, CI 20.0 to 31.1) were decisive factors for their satisfaction. Conclusion the study revealed an excellent level of patient satisfaction on nursing care, although some factors considered by users as decisive for the identification of this feeling have not been significantly identified. This justifies the need for critical reflection, in the professional's view, that fosters the implementation of changes and to better meet the expectations and needs of the patient.

Opções terapêuticas para minimizar transfusões de sangue alogênico e seus efeitos adversos em cirurgia cardíaca: Revisão sistemática / Therapeutic options to minimize allogeneic blood transfusions and their adverse effects in cardiac surgery: A systematic review

Introdução: O sangue alogênico é um recurso terapêutico esgotável. Novas evidências demonstram um consumo excessivo de sangue e uma diminuição das doações, resultando em estoques de sangue reduzidos em todo o mundo. As transfusões de sangue estão relacionadas a aumento na morbimortalidade e maiores custos hospitalares. Deste modo, torna-se necessário procurar outras opções de tratamento. Estas alternativas existem, porém são pouco conhecidas e raramente utilizadas. Objetivo: Reunir e descrever de maneira sistemática, objetiva e prática todas as estratégias clínicas e cirúrgicas, como opções terapêuticas eficazes para minimizar ou evitar transfusões de sangue alogênico e seus efeitos adversos nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com busca ao descritor “Blood transfusion” (MeSH) e aos termos “Cardiac surgery” e “Blood management”. Estudos com títulos não relacionados diretamente ao tema da pesquisa, estudos que não continham nos resumos dados relacionados à pesquisa, estudos mais antigos que relataram estratégias repetidas foram excluídos. Resultados: Tratar anemia e plaquetopenia, suspender anticoagulantes e antiplaquetários, reduzir flebotomias rotineiras, técnica cirúrgica menos traumática com hipotermia e hipotensão moderada, hemostasia meticulosa, uso de agentes hemostáticos sistêmicos e tópicos, hemodiluição normovolêmica aguda, recuperação sanguínea intraoperatória, tolerância à anemia (oxigênio suplementar e normotermia), bem como várias outras opções terapêuticas mostram ser estratégias eficazes em reduzir transfusões de sangue alogênico. Conclusão: Existem múltiplas estratégias clínicas e cirúrgicas para otimizar a massa eritrocitária e o estado de coagulação, minimizar a perda de sangue e melhorar tolerância à anemia. Estes recursos terapêuticos deveriam ser incorporados à prática médica mundial, visando diminuir o consumo de hemocomponentes, ...

Introdution: Allogeneic blood is an exhaustible therapeutic resource. New evidence indicates that blood consumption is excessive and that donations have decreased, resulting in reduced blood supplies worldwide. Blood transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as higher hospital costs. This makes it necessary to seek out new treatment options. Such options exist but are still virtually unknown and are rarely utilized. Objective: To gather and describe in a systematic, objective, and practical way all clinical and surgical strategies as effective therapeutic options to minimize or avoid allogeneic blood transfusions and their adverse effects in surgical cardiac patients. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted using the MeSH term “Blood Transfusion” and the terms “Cardiac Surgery” and “Blood Management.” Studies with titles not directly related to this research or that did not contain information related to it in their abstracts as well as older studies reporting on the same strategies were not included. Results: Treating anemia and thrombocytopenia, suspending anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, reducing routine phlebotomies, utilizing less traumatic surgical techniques with moderate hypothermia and hypotension, meticulous hemostasis, use of topical and systemic hemostatic agents, acute normovolemic hemodilution, cell salvage, anemia tolerance (supplementary oxygen and normothermia), as well as various other therapeutic options have proved to be effective strategies for reducing allogeneic blood transfusions. Conclusion: There are a number of clinical and surgical strategies that can be used to optimize erythrocyte mass and coagulation status, minimize blood loss, and improve anemia tolerance. In order to decrease the consumption of blood components, diminish morbidity and mortality, and reduce hospital costs, these treatment strategies should be incorporated ...

Horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy: aesthetic and effective option for atrial and ventricular septal defect repair in infants and toddlers.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart defects treatment shows progressive reduction in morbidity and mortality, however, the scar, resulting from ventricular (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, may cause discomfort. Right axillary minithoracotomy approach, by avoiding the breast growth region, is an option for correction of these defects that may provide better aesthetic results at low cost. Since October 2011, we have been using this technique for repairing VSD and ASD defects as well as associated defects. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of this method in children undergoing correction of VSD and ASD, to compare perioperative clinical outcomes with those repaired by median sternotomy, and to evaluate the aesthetic result. METHODS: Perioperative clinical data of 25 patients submitted to axillary thoracotomy were compared with data from a paired group of 25 patients with similar heart defects repaired by median sternotomy, from October 2011 to August 2012. RESULTS: Axillary approach was possible even in infants. There was no mortality and the main perioperative variables were similar in both groups, except for lower use of blood products in the axillary group (6/25) vs. control (13/25), with statistical difference (P =0.04). The VSD size varied from 7 to 15 mm in axillary group. Cannulation of the aorta and vena cavae was performed through the main incision, whose size ranged from 3 to 5 cm in the axillary group, with excellent aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: The axillary thoracotomy was effective, allowing for a heart defect repair similar to the median sternotomy, with more satisfactory aesthetic results and reduced blood transfusion, and it can be safely used in infants.

Horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy: aesthetic and effective option for atrial and ventricular septal defect repair in infants and toddlers / Minitoracotomia axilar direita horizontal: opção estética e eficaz para correção de comunicação interventricular e interatrial em lactentes e crianças

Introduction: Congenital heart defects treatment shows progressive reduction in morbidity and mortality, however, the scar, resulting from ventricular (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, may cause discomfort. Right axillary minithoracotomy approach, by avoiding the breast growth region, is an option for correction of these defects that may provide better aesthetic results at low cost. Since October 2011, we have been using this technique for repairing VSD and ASD defects as well as associated defects. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of this method in children undergoing correction of VSD and ASD, to compare perioperative clinical outcomes with those repaired by median sternotomy, and to evaluate the aesthetic result. Methods: Perioperative clinical data of 25 patients submitted to axillary thoracotomy were compared with data from a paired group of 25 patients with similar heart defects repaired by median sternotomy, from October 2011 to August 2012. Results: Axillary approach was possible even in infants. There was no mortality and the main perioperative variables were similar in both groups, except for lower use of blood products in the axillary group (6/25) vs. control (13/25), with statistical difference (P =0.04). The VSD size varied from 7 to 15 mm in axillary group. Cannulation of the aorta and vena cavae was performed through the main incision, whose size ranged from 3 to 5 cm in the axillary group, with excellent aesthetic results. Conclusion: The axillary thoracotomy was effective, allowing for a heart defect repair similar to the median sternotomy, with more satisfactory aesthetic results and reduced blood transfusion, and it can be safely used in infants. .

Introdução: O tratamento dos defeitos cardíacos apresenta progressiva redução da morbimortalidade, porém, a cicatriz, sequela aparente do tratamento da comunicação interatrial (CIA) e interventricular (CIV), pode causar incômodo. A abordagem por minitoracotomia axilar é opção para correção destes defeitos, com possível melhor estética e baixo custo, além de evitar a região de crescimento da mama. Desde outubro de 2011, empregamos esta técnica para correção de CIA, CIV e defeitos associados. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do método em crianças submetidas à correção de CIV e CIA, avaliar a evolução clínica perioperatória em comparação à esternotomia mediana e avaliar o resultado estético. Métodos: Dados clínicos perioperatórios de 25 pacientes submetidos à minitoracotomia axilar foram comparados com dados de grupo de 25 pacientes submetidos à correção de defeitos cardíacos semelhantes por esternotomia mediana, de outubro de 2011 a agosto de 2012. Resultados: A correção dos defeitos via axilar foi factível inclusive em lactentes. Não houve mortalidade e as principais variáveis perioperatórias foram similares em ambos os grupos, exceto pelo menor uso de hemoderivados no grupo axilar (6/25) x controle (13/25), com diferença estatística (P=0,04). A sequela ventricular nos pacientes do grupo axilar variou de 7 a 15 mm. A canulação da aorta e veias cavas foi realizada através da incisão principal, cujo tamanho variou de 3 a 5 cm no grupo axilar, com resultado estético excelente. Conclusão: A minitoracotomia axilar foi eficaz, permitiu correção do defeito cardíaco semelhante à esternotomia mediana, com resultado estético mais ...

Therapeutic options to minimize allogeneic blood transfusions and their adverse effects in cardiac surgery: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic blood is an exhaustible therapeutic resource. New evidence indicates that blood consumption is excessive and that donations have decreased, resulting in reduced blood supplies worldwide. Blood transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as higher hospital costs. This makes it necessary to seek out new treatment options. Such options exist but are still virtually unknown and are rarely utilized. OBJECTIVE: To gather and describe in a systematic, objective, and practical way all clinical and surgical strategies as effective therapeutic options to minimize or avoid allogeneic blood transfusions and their adverse effects in surgical cardiac patients. METHODS: A bibliographic search was conducted using the MeSH term "Blood Transfusion" and the terms "Cardiac Surgery" and "Blood Management." Studies with titles not directly related to this research or that did not contain information related to it in their abstracts as well as older studies reporting on the same strategies were not included. RESULTS: Treating anemia and thrombocytopenia, suspending anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, reducing routine phlebotomies, utilizing less traumatic surgical techniques with moderate hypothermia and hypotension, meticulous hemostasis, use of topical and systemic hemostatic agents, acute normovolemic hemodilution, cell salvage, anemia tolerance (supplementary oxygen and normothermia), as well as various other therapeutic options have proved to be effective strategies for reducing allogeneic blood transfusions. CONCLUSION: There are a number of clinical and surgical strategies that can be used to optimize erythrocyte mass and coagulation status, minimize blood loss, and improve anemia tolerance. In order to decrease the consumption of blood components, diminish morbidity and mortality, and reduce hospital costs, these treatment strategies should be incorporated into medical practice worldwide.

Igualdade de gênero

Este capítulo procurou abordar essas importantes questões e seus desdobramentos no campo governamental. Inicialmente, a seção Fatos relevantes dedica-se a analisar o tema da violência sexual ao longo dos anos de 2012 e 2013, destacando casos emblemáticos amplamente divulgados na mídia nacional e as conclusões da Comissão Mista de Inquérito sobre Violência contra as Mulheres, instituída no Congresso Nacional. Em seguida, destacam-se a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional no 72/2013 ­ até então conhecida como Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) das domésticas ­ e os imbróglios ainda existentes no campo da sua regulamentação. Por fim, o lançamento do Plano Nacional de Políticas para as Mulheres 2013-2015, seus avanços e retrocessos configuram-se em objeto de análise desta seção.

Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve: the cone repair.

Ebstein's anomaly is a cardiac malformation affecting the tricuspid valve and right ventricle with a wide range of anatomic and pathophysiologic presentations. The cone repair technique is described in detail, as applied to several types of this complex congenital heart disease. The importance of extensive mobilization of displaced and tethered tricuspid leaflets to permit a good leaflet-to-leaflet coaptation after the cone construction is highlighted. This technique was performed in 100 patients with a hospital mortality rate of 3.0%, good clinical outcome, and no need for tricuspid valve replacement. Echocardiograph results showed good anatomic and functional tricuspid valves at immediate and long-term postoperative follow-up.

Pulmonary root translocation in malposition of great arteries repair allows right ventricular outflow tract growth.

OBJECTIVE: Optimal surgical treatment of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and pulmonary stenosis (PS) remains a matter of debate. This study evaluated the clinical outcome and right ventricle outflow tract performance in the long-term follow-up of patients subjected to pulmonary root translocation (PRT) as part of their surgical repair. METHODS: From April 1994 to December 2010, we operated on 44 consecutive patients (median age, 11 months). All had malposition of the great arteries as follows: TGA with VSD and PS (n = 33); double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD (n = 7); double-outlet right ventricle with atrioventricular septal defect (n = 1); and congenitally corrected TGA with VSD and PS (n = 3). The surgical technique consisted of PRT from the left ventricle to the right ventricle after construction of an intraventricular tunnel that diverted blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 72 ± 52.1 months. There were 3 (6.8%) early deaths and 1 (2.3%) late death. Kaplan-Meier survival was 92.8% and reintervention-free survival was 82.9% at 12 years. Repeat echocardiographic data showed nonlinear growth of the pulmonary root and good performance of the valve at 10 years. Only 4 patients required reinterventions owing to right ventricular outflow tract problems. CONCLUSIONS: PRT is a good surgical alternative for treatment of patients with TGA complexes, VSD, and PS, with acceptable operative risk, high long-term survivals, and few reinterventions. Most patients had adequate pulmonary root growth and performance.